Maana ya Serikali za Mitaa na Dhana ya Kupeleka Madaraka kwa Wananchi
Katiba ya Jamhuri ya Muungano ya Tanzania inafafanua kuwa Serikali za mitaa ni vyombo vya wananchi vilivyopo katika ngazi ya msingiya serikali.Serikali za Mitaa huundwa,huendeshwa,husimamiwa na kuwajibika kwa wananchi wenyewe. Hivyo basi Serikali za mitaa zimeundwa kwa mantiki ya kuwawezesha Wananchi, wanaume kwa wanawake,kushiriki katika masuala ya siasa,uchumi,upatikanaji wa huduma na utawala katika maeneo yao na katika nchi yao.Kwa ujumla ni muundo ambao unawawezesha wananchi kuwa na udhibiti wa maamuzi ya wawakilishi waliowachagua. Kwa mtazamo huu wa kikatiba,serikali za mitaani fursa kwa wanajamii kukuza demokrasia na ushiriki wao katika maendeleo ya maeneo yao.Ni vyema ieleweke kuwa serikali za mitaa si wakala wa serikali kuu bali ni Serikali kamili zenye mamlaka chini ya sheria.Kwa mujibu wa Katiba ya Jamhuri Ya Muungano wa Tanzania,Wananchi ndio msingi wa mamlaka yote na serikali inapata madaraka na mamlaka yake yote kutoka kwa wananchi.Hii ndiyo maana hasa ya kupeleka madarakakwa wananchi.
Mfumo na Muundo wa Serikali za Mitaa.
Sheria Namba7,8 na 9kama zilivyopitishwa na bunge mwaka1982 na kurejewa tena mwaka 1999 na 2000,zinazotoa zinazotoa maagizo juu ya uundaji,uedeshaji na usimamizi wa serikali za mitaa katika Tanzania.Kuna mfumo wa wa Mamlaka za wilaya na ule wa Mamlaka za miji.Yafuatayo nimaelezo mafupi juu ya mifumo hiyo miwili,tukianzia na na ule wa mamlaka za wilaya.
Mamlaka za Wilaya
Mamlaka za wilaya ni pamoja na Halmashauri za Wilaya,Mamlaka za Miji midogo,Kamati za Maendeleo za kata(WDC),Serikali za vijiji na vitongoji.Halmashauri za wilaya,Mamlaka za Miji midogo na serikali za vyombo vyenye Madaraka ya kiutawala ya juu kabisa katika maeneo yake.Maeneo yaliyo chini ya Halmashauri za wilaya yamegawanywa katika Kata ambazo ndizo Majimbo ya uchaguzi wa Madiwani.Kamati za maendeleo na za ulinzi katika maeneo husika.
Kuundwa kwa vitongoji ni mojawapo ya marekebisho yaliyofanywa siku za karibuni ili kuboresha muundo wa serikali za Mitaa.Lengo la serikali la kuanzisha vitongoji ni pamoja na kuimarisha demokrasia kwa wananchi,na kuziba pengo lililoachwa baada ya kuondolewa wajumbe wa Nyumba kumikumi waliokuwa chini ya mfumo wa chama kimoja cha kisiasa.Kuwepo kwa vitongoji kunatoa fursa kwa wananchi kushiriki kimoja katika siasa ya vyama vyingi kwa ngazi ya msingi kabisa.Ni jambo la kawaida kukuta kuwa wenye viti wa vitongoji mbalimbali katika kijiji kimoja wanatoka kwenye vyama tofauti vya siasa.
Wajibu wa Majukumu ya mkutano Mkuu wa kijiji
Wajibu na majukumu ya mkutano Mkuu wa kijiji ni pamoja na:
.kupokea na kujadili taarifa za utekelezaji wa shughuli mbalimbali;
.Kupokea na kujadili mapato na matumizi ya fedha;
.Kupokea na kujadili taarifa za makusanyo ya fedha;
.Kupokea na kujadili taarifa za makusanyo ya fedha yakiwawamo ya ushuru,ada na mapato mengine yanayopaswa kukusanywa ndani ya kijiji kwa mujibu wa sheria;
.Kupokea na kujadili taarifa za watu walioomba kupewa ardhi;
.Kupokea na kujadili mapendekezo ya takayotolewa na halmashauri ya Kijiji au kitongoji;
.Kupokea maagizo(kama yapo) kutoka ngazi za juu za utekelezaji;
.Kufanya maamuzi yanayozingatia demokrasia;
.Kuchagua Mwenyekiti na Wajumbe wa Hamashauri ya kijiji;
.Kujadili na kupitisha bajeti na mipango ya maendeleo ya kijiji.
majukumu ya mku
Majukumu ya maendeleo ya Kata
Kwa mujibu wa kifungu cha32(1) cha sheria zaSerikali za mitaa (Mamlaka za wilaya)Na.7 ya mwaka 1982 na kifungu 16(1) cha sheria zaSerikali za Mitaa(Mamlaka za miji) Na.8 ya mwaka 1982,majukumu ya kamati za Maendeleo za maendeleo za maendeleo za Kata ni kama ifuatavyo:
.Kukuza uanzishaji na uendelezaji wa biashara na shughuli za ushirika katika Kata;
.Kukuza uanzishaji na uendeshaji wa biashara na shughuli za ushirika katika Kata;
.Uanzishaji wa kaziau shughuli yenye lengo la kuleta ustawi wa jamii wa wakazi katika kata;
.Kusimamia na kuratibu utekelezaji wa miradi na programu za Halmashauri ya wilaya katika kata;
.Uanzishaji wa kazi au shughuli yenye lengo la kuleta ustawi wa jamii wa wa wakazi katika kata;
.Kusimamia na kuratibu utekelezaji wa miradi na programu za Halmashauri ya wilaya katika kata;
.kupanga na kuratibu shughli na kutoa msaada na ushauri kwa wakazi katika Kata ambaowanajihusisha na shughuli yoyote au biashara(halali ya aina yoyote);
.Kupendekeza kwa Halmashauri ya kijiji au wilaya utungaji wa sheria ndogo;
.Kufuatilia ukusanyaji wa mapato ya halmashuri;
Kuanzisha na kuendeleza ushirikishwaji wa wananchi katika maendeleo ya kata;
.Kusimamia maafa na shughuli zinazohusu Mazingira;na
.Kuendeleza masuala ya jinsia.
Majukumu ya Serikali zaMitaa
Majukumu ya Serikali za Mitaa yanaangukia katika sehemu kuu nne,nazo ni :
(a)kuwezesha na kudumisha utulivu, amani na utawala bora.
(b)Kudumisha upatikanaji wa huduma mbalimbali za kijamii na miundo mbinu.
(c)Kuchochea maendeleo ya kiuchhummi na kijamii.
(d)Kulinda mazingira kwa lengo la la kuchangia katika maendeleo endelevu.
Utekelezaji wa majukumu haya unategemea jinsi ambavyo ngazi mbalimbali katika serikali za mitaa zinavyotekeleza wajibu na majukumu katika mfumo wote wa serikali za mitaa ili kuongeza ufahamu miongoni mwa wananchi.Ufuatao ni muhtasari wa majukumu ya ngazi mbalimbali a serikali za Mitaa.
Kwakuwa lengo kuu la muhtasari huu ni kuongeza ufahamu miongoni mwa wananchi,basi tunazingatia majukumu yaleya mikutano mikuu ya Kitongoji,mtaa,Kata na Halmashauri kwa vile Wananchi wanaweza kushiriki moja kwa moja katika mikutano hiyo.Ni vyema basi akajua majukumu katika ngazi ya kitongoji,tunagusia kwa ufupi tu majukumu ya wananchi katika mfumo mzima wa serikali za mitaa.
Majukumu ya Wananchi
Kisheria na kiutawala wananchi wanatarajiwa kutekeleza majukumu yafuatayo:
.kuelewa Sheria zote zinazohusu serikali za Mitaa na kuishi kufuatana na sheria hizo.
.Kutambua nafasi yake katika jamii na kushiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali za maendeleo.
.Kudai haki zake za msingi kutoka kwa viongozi wake.
.kuhakikisha kuwa viongozi wanatimiza wajibu wao kama ipasavyo.
.kama viongozi hakutimiza wajibu wake,ni jukumu la wananchi kumwondoa madarakani kwa kufuata sheria kama vile kumpigia kura ya hapana.Kifungu cha14(4) cha sheria a serikali za mitaa (Mamlaka ya miji) Na.8 ya mwaka 1982 kinaweza kutumika.
Majukumu ya Mkutano Mkuu wa Vitongoji
Kisheria Majukumu ya Mkutano mkuu wa kitongoji ni kama ifuatavyo:
.kupokea na kujadili taarifa za utekeleaji wa shughuli mbalimbali za kitongoji zitakazowasilishwa na Mwenyekiti wa kitongoji;
.Kujadili hali ya ulinzi na usalama na maendeleo katika eneo la kitongoji;
.Kuweka mikakati ya kupambana na ugonjwa wa UKIMWI;
.Kupokea maelekezo kutoka kwa Halmashauri ya kijiji na kuweka mikakati ya utekelezaji wake katika kitongoji.
Ifahamike kuwa pamoja na kushughulika masuala yanayohusu kitongoji,Mkutano Mkuu unapaswa pia kutekeleza maamuzi yanayotokana na halmashauri ya kijiji.Kwa maana hiyo basi,Mkutano Mkuu wa kitongoji ni muhimu sana katika utekelezaji wa mipango ya maendeleo ya kijiji.pale ambapo mikutano hiyo inafanywa kuna mafanikio makubwa ya maendeleo.
Wajibu wa Majukumu ya Mkutano Mkuu wa Mtaa
Wajibu wa mkutano wa mkuu wa mtaa ni kupokea na kujadili taarifa kuhusu:
.Miradi inayoendeshwa katika eneo la Mtaa na Maendeleo yake;
.Hali ya Usalama na ulinzi katika eneo la mtaa;
.Matatizo ya huduma za jamii na hatua zilizochukuliwa;
.Maamuzi ya Kamati ya maendeleo ya kata au ya Halmashauri ya mji,manispaa au jiji kupitia kamati ya maendeleo ya Kata yanayohusu mtaa;
.Maamuzi ya kamati na utekelezaji wake;
.Suala lingine lolote linalohusu utoaji wa huduma na maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuuchumi;
.Kumwondoa madarakani Mwenyekiti wa mtaa inapodhihirika kwamba ameshindwa kumudu madaraka yake ya kuzingatia sheria.
For Local Government and the Concept of Decentralization by Devolution
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania explains that local governments are public agencies located at the ngiya serikali.Serikali Local founded, run, administered and accountable to the people themselves. Thus, local government authorities have been created within the context of empowering citizens, men and women engaged in issues of politics, economics, access and control in their areas and in yao.Kwa generally a structure which allows people to have control of decisions elected representatives. In this view of constitutional government street opportunity for community members to promote democracy and participation in the development of areas yao.Ni well understood that local government is not an agent of central government but with full authority under the Constitution sheria.Kwa The United Republic of Tanzania, people are the foundation of all authority and the government gets all its power and authority from the nchi.Hii the implications of sending madarakakwa citizens.
Structure and Composition of Local Government.
Namba7 Act, 8 and 9 If zilivyopitishwa and run-off parliamentary mwaka1982 and again in 1999 and 2000, providing that provide instructions on assembly, uedeshaji and management of local government in Tanzania.Kuna system of district authorities and the authorities miji.Yafuatayo nimaelezo brief on the two systems, we started with and the district authorities.
District Authorities
District authorities including District Councils, Authorities small cities, county Development Committees (WDC), Government vitongoji.Halmashauri villages and district authorities and the governments of small towns containers administrative powers of the highest in yake.Maeneo areas under the district council wards which are divided into the Federal election Madiwani.Kamati development and protection in the areas concerned.
Founded in neighborhoods is one of the recent amendments to improve the structure of government Mitaa.Lengo state established neighborhoods include strengthening democracy in the country, and fill the gap left after removal kumikumi members of the House who were under the party system one of the neighborhoods kisiasa.Kuwepo provides the opportunity for citizens to participate in one political party for many of the basic level kabisa.Ni very common to find that the chairs of various neighborhoods in the village they come from different political parties.
Responsibilities The role of the General Assembly of the village
Roles and responsibilities of the General Assembly of the village include:
. Receive and discuss reports on implementation of various activities;
. Receive and discuss the revenue and expenditure;
. Receive and discuss the collection of financial information;
. To receive and discuss reports of collections of money yakiwawamo taxation, fees and other taxable income collected in the village according to law;
. To receive and discuss reports of people who applied to be given land;
. Receive and discuss recommendations takayotolewa and the village council or township;
. Accepting orders (if any) from the higher levels of implementation;
. Yanayozingatia Deciding democracy;
. Selecting Hamashauri Chairman and Members of the village;
. To discuss and approve budgets and plans for village development.
responsibilities of the PRS
Responsibilities...
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For Local Government and the Concept of Decentralization by Devolution
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania explains that local governments are public agencies located at the ngiya serikali.Serikali Local founded, run, administered and accountable to the people themselves. Thus, local...
For Local Government and the Concept of Decentralization by Devolution
Constitution of the United Republic of Tanzania explains that local governments are public agencies located at the ngiya serikali.Serikali Local founded, run, administered and accountable to the people themselves. Thus, local...
